Ibrahim Umar KARAYE
Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto – Nigeria

Sa’idu Muhammad MAISHANU
Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto – Nigeria

Muhammad Hannatu LAWAL
Department of Environmental Biology, Shehu Shagari University of Education, Farfaru, Sokoto – Nigeria

Ismaila Shafi’u ADILI
Department of Environmental Biology, Shehu Shagari University of Education, Farfaru, Sokoto – Nigeria

Abubakar SHEHU
Department of Environmental Biology, Shehu Shagari University of Education, Farfaru, Sokoto – Nigeria

Nasiru Shehu GATAWA
Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto – Nigeria

https://doi.org/10.47743/jpd.2023.30.1.932

Keywords: animal-feed, anti-nutritional, guinea-corn, maize, nutritional.

Abstract: This study was carried out to determine the nutritional and phytochemical properties of freshly harvested grains of Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays using standard biochemical procedures. Nutritional properties analyzed included proximate composition analyzed using Soxhlet extraction, AOAC Kjeldal methods. Mineral contents were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry [AAS] while the phytochemicals were determined using standard procedures. All analyses were replicated three times. From the results, crude protein content was low, with values, 7.81% and 6.66% for Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays respectively. Lipid analysis showed that Sorghum bicolor had a higher lipid content of 16.57%. Crude carbohydrate content was higher in both seeds. Percentage of crude fiber was 11.20% and 8.11% for Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays respectively. Vitamin C analysis showed that Zea mays had a higher content of 122.14 mg/100 g. Available energy kj/100 g was also analyzed for Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays respectively. Significant differences (P=0.05) was observed in crude lipid, crude fiber, vitamin C, and available energy between the two seeds. Mineral analysis revealed appreciable contents of minerals necessary for healthy growth and development. Calcium content was highest in Sorghum bicolor. Significant differences (P=0.05) was observed in phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, and iron between the two seed types. Phytochemical contents of the seeds showed significant differences (P=0.05) in tannins, nitrates and saponin with 12.57 mg/100 g, 18.18 mg/100 g and respectively in Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. Nitrate and saponin content was higher in Zea mays. Alkaloid, flavonoids and phytate contents was detected in both seeds. Minute amounts of oxalate and cyanide were detected in both seed types. It is important to note that Zea mays is under pressure as one of formidable food source due to the increasing demand, and thus, increasing the cultivation of Sorghum bicolor could alleviate the over dependence on maize as the primary source of nutrition for humans and animal feed formulation.

How to cite this article:
KARAYE I. U., MAISHANU S. M., LAWAL M. H., ADILI I. S., SHEHU A. & GATAWA N. S. 2023. Comparative nutritional and phytochemical composition of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and Zea mays L. J. Plant Develop. 30: 129-135
https://doi.org/10.47743/jpd.2023.30.1.932

[PDF]